CWE-191
A subtraction drops below zero and produces a huge value that is then used as a size.
- 16
- vulnerabilities tracked
- 3
- critical
- 27 July 2026
- latest publication
cve
Vulnerability watch
idvulnerabilityseveritypublished
CVE-2026-54890Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c.
The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as "Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)".
The crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings).
Any application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011).
This issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.NVD analysis in progress High CVSS 8.2 CVE-2026-45813Out-of-bounds Write, Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in Apache NimBLE BASS service.
Improper validation when parsing BASS service "Add Source" and "Modify Source" operation PDU could results in stack buffer overflow or arbitrary out-of-bound read.
This can be triggered by nearby devices over Bluetooth connection, however pairing is required prior to accessing BASS service, which depending on device configuration may or may not require user action.
This issue affects Apache NimBLE: through 1.9.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.10.0, which fixes the issue.Apache Nimble High CVSS 8.8 CVE-2026-66033libssh2 through 1.11.1, fixed in commit a2ed82d, contains a pre-authentication integer underflow vulnerability in the ssh2_cipher_crypt() function in src/openssl.c that allows a malicious SSH server to crash any connecting client by negotiating AES-GCM ciphers during handshake. Attackers can exploit the underflow in the expression computing blocksize minus aadlen minus authentication tag length to trigger an out-of-bounds read and a memcpy call with a near-SIZE_MAX length argument, causing immediate process crash before any authentication occurs.NVD analysis in progress High CVSS 7.5 CVE-2026-65704FFmpeg through 8.1.2 contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that allows attackers to cause heap corruption by supplying a crafted ffconcat file processed with the -safe 0 flag. The TY demuxer's demux_audio() function decrements packet size without bounds checking, producing a negative size value that is passed to memcpy() in shorten_decode_frame(), where conversion to size_t wraps the value to near SIZE_MAX and triggers reads beyond the source allocation and writes far beyond the Shorten decoder's bitstream buffer.NVD analysis in progress High CVSS 7.8 CVE-2026-48029libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Versions 1.19.0 through 1.21.2 have a heap OOB read in ImageItem_Grid::decode_grid_tile via irot-induced tile-coordinate underflow. Version 1.22.0 fixes the issue.NVD analysis in progress High CVSS 7.1 CVE-2026-49181Integer underflow (wrap or wraparound) in Windows DHCP Client allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.Microsoft Windows 10 1607 Critical CVSS 9.8 CVE-2026-49790Windows Universal Disk Format File System Driver (UDFS) Elevation of Privilege VulnerabilityMicrosoft Windows 10 1607 High CVSS 7.8 CVE-2026-50308Integer underflow (wrap or wraparound) in Windows NTFS allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.Microsoft Windows 10 1607 High CVSS 7.8 CVE-2026-50388Out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.Microsoft Windows 10 1607 High CVSS 7.8 CVE-2026-50498Windows Universal Disk Format File System Driver (UDFS) Elevation of Privilege VulnerabilityMicrosoft Windows 10 1607 High CVSS 7.8 CVE-2026-54982Integer underflow (wrap or wraparound) in Reliable Multicast Transport Driver (RMCAST) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over an adjacent network.Microsoft Windows 10 1607 High CVSS 8.8 CVE-2026-55011Integer underflow (wrap or wraparound) in Microsoft Defender allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.Microsoft Malware Protection Engine High CVSS 7.8 CVE-2026-55039Integer underflow (wrap or wraparound) in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.Microsoft 365 Apps High CVSS 7.8 CVE-2026-51540OpENer 2.3.0 (master branch up to commit 76b95cf) is vulnerable to a severe memory corruption issue caused by an integer underflow in the processing of connected explicit messages (SendUnitData).NVD analysis in progress Critical CVSS 9.8 CVE-2026-29008U-Boot through 2026.04-rc3 contains an integer underflow vulnerability in the tcp_rx_state_machine() function (net/tcp.c) that allows a network-adjacent attacker to crash the bootloader by sending a malformed TCP SYN+ACK packet with a manipulated data offset field causing payload_len to become negative. When the TCP_SYN_SENT handler calls tcp_rx_user_data() without invoking tcp_seg_in_wnd() validation, the negative payload_len is implicitly converted to a large unsigned integer (e.g., 0xFFFFFFD8) and passed to memcpy() in store_block(), causing an immediate crash that prevents device boot and may enable memory corruption when CONFIG_LMB is disabled.Denx U-boot High CVSS 7.5 CVE-2026-58016A flaw was found in GLib. A state confusion issue exists in g_dbus_node_info_new_for_xml() in the gio/gdbusintrospection.c file when processing malformed D-Bus introspection XML, specifically with a <node> element nested within other elements like <method>, <signal>, <property> or <arg>. This issue can cause an unsigned integer overflow and lead to an out-of-bounds read, resulting in a denial of service.Gnome Glib Critical CVSS 9.1